MySQL | DQL语句-条件查询
通常在进行查询操作的时候，都是查询符合某些条件的数据，很少将表中所有数据都取出来。怎么取出表的部分数据？需要在查询语句中添加条件进行数据的过滤。常见的过滤条件如下：
| 条件 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| = | 等于 |
| <>或!= | 不等于 |
| >= | 大于等于 |
| <= | 小于等于 |
| > | 大于 |
| < | 小于 |
| between...and... | 等同于 >= and <= |
| is null | 为空 |
| is not null | 不为空 |
| <=> | 安全等于（可读性差，很少使用了）。 |
| and 或 && | 并且 |
| or 或 || | 或者 |
| in | 在指定的值当中 |
| not in | 不在指定的值当中 |
| exists | |
| not exists | |
| like | 模糊查询 |
条件查询语法格式
select
...
from
...
where
过滤条件;过滤条件放在
where子句当中，以上语句的执行顺序是：
第一步：先
执行from
第二步：再通过
where条件过滤
第三步：最后
执行select，查询并将结果展示到控制台
等于、不等于
等于 =
判断等量关系，支持多种数据类型，比如：数字、字符串、日期等。
案例1：查询
月薪3000的员工编号及姓名
select
empno,ename
from
emp
where
sal = 3000;
select empno,ename from emp where sal = 3000; -- 也可以写成一行mysql> select empno,ename from emp where sal = 3000;
+-------+-------+
| empno | ename |
+-------+-------+
| 7788 | SCOTT |
| 7902 | FORD |
+-------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.02 sec)
mysql> select empno,ename,sal from emp where sal = 3000;-- 判断是否查询成功
+-------+-------+---------+
| empno | ename | sal |
+-------+-------+---------+
| 7788 | SCOTT | 3000.00 |
| 7902 | FORD | 3000.00 |
+-------+-------+---------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)案例2：查询员工
FORD的岗位及月薪
select
job, sal
from
emp
where
ename = 'FORD';
select job, sal from emp where ename = 'FORD';-- 也可以写成一行mysql> select job, sal from emp where ename = 'FORD';
+---------+---------+
| job | sal |
+---------+---------+
| ANALYST | 3000.00 |
+---------+---------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)存储在表emp中的员工姓名是
FORD，全部大写，如果在查询的时候，写成全部小写会怎样呢？
select
job, sal
from
emp
where
ename = 'ford';mysql> select job, sal from emp where ename = 'ford';
+---------+---------+
| job | sal |
+---------+---------+
| ANALYST | 3000.00 |
+---------+---------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)通过测试发现，即使写成小写ford，也是可以查询到结果的，不过这里需要注意的是：在
Oracle数据库当中是查询不到数据的，Oracle的语法要比MySQL的语法严谨。对于SQL语句本身来说是不区分大小写的，但是对于表中真实存储的数据，大写A和小写a还是不一样的，这一点Oracle做的很好。MySQL的语法更随性。另外在Oracle当中，字符串是必须使用单引号括起来的，但在MySQL当中，字符串可以使用单引号，也可以使用双引号，如下：
select
job, sal
from
emp
where
ename = "FORD";mysql> select job, sal from emp where ename = "FORD";
+---------+---------+
| job | sal |
+---------+---------+
| ANALYST | 3000.00 |
+---------+---------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)案例3：查询
岗位是MANAGER的员工编号及姓名
select
empno, ename
from
emp
where
job = 'MANAGER';mysql> select empno,ename from emp where job = 'MANAGER';
+-------+-------+
| empno | ename |
+-------+-------+
| 7566 | JONES |
| 7698 | BLAKE |
| 7782 | CLARK |
+-------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
任务：查询工资级别是1的最低工资以及最高工资
mysql> select losal,hisal from salgrade where grade = 1;
+-------+-------+
| losal | hisal |
+-------+-------+
| 700 | 1200 |
+-------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)不等于 <> 或 !=
判断非等量关系，支持字符串、数字、日期类型等。不等号有两种写法，第一种<>，第二种!=，第二种写法和Java程序中的不等号相同，第一种写法比较诡异，不过也很好理解，比如<>3，表示小于3、大于3，就是不等于3。你get到了吗？
案例1：查询
工资不是3000的员工编号、姓名、薪资
select
empno,ename,sal
from
emp
where
sal <> 3000;
select empno,ename,sal from emp where sal <> 3000; -- 也可以写成一行mysql> select empno,ename,sal from emp where sal <> 3000;
+-------+--------+---------+
| empno | ename | sal |
+-------+--------+---------+
| 7369 | SMITH | 800.00 |
| 7499 | ALLEN | 1600.00 |
| 7521 | WARD | 1250.00 |
| 7566 | JONES | 2975.00 |
| 7654 | MARTIN | 1250.00 |
| 7698 | BLAKE | 2850.00 |
| 7782 | CLARK | 2450.00 |
| 7839 | KING | 5000.00 |
| 7844 | TURNER | 1500.00 |
| 7876 | ADAMS | 1100.00 |
| 7900 | JAMES | 950.00 |
| 7934 | MILLER | 1300.00 |
+-------+--------+---------+
12 rows in set (0.00 sec)案例2：查询
工作岗位不是MANAGER的员工姓名和岗位
select
ename,job
from
emp
where
job <> 'MANAGER';
select ename,job from emp where job <> 'MANAGER'; -- 也可以写成一行mysql> select ename,job from emp where job <> 'MANAGER';
+--------+-----------+
| ename | job |
+--------+-----------+
| SMITH | CLERK |
| ALLEN | SALESMAN |
| WARD | SALESMAN |
| MARTIN | SALESMAN |
| SCOTT | ANALYST |
| KING | PRESIDENT |
| TURNER | SALESMAN |
| ADAMS | CLERK |
| JAMES | CLERK |
| FORD | ANALYST |
| MILLER | CLERK |
+--------+-----------+
11 rows in set (0.00 sec)任务：查询
不在部门编号为10的部门工作的员工信息
select
*
from
emp
where
deptno <> 10;
select * from emp where deptno <> 10; -- 也可以写成一行mysql> select * from emp where deptno <> 10;
+-------+--------+----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
| EMPNO | ENAME | JOB | MGR | HIREDATE | SAL | COMM | DEPTNO |
+-------+--------+----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
| 7369 | SMITH | CLERK | 7902 | 1980-12-17 | 800.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7499 | ALLEN | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-02-20 | 1600.00 | 300.00 | 30 |
| 7521 | WARD | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-02-22 | 1250.00 | 500.00 | 30 |
| 7566 | JONES | MANAGER | 7839 | 1981-04-02 | 2975.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7654 | MARTIN | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-09-28 | 1250.00 | 1400.00 | 30 |
| 7698 | BLAKE | MANAGER | 7839 | 1981-05-01 | 2850.00 | NULL | 30 |
| 7788 | SCOTT | ANALYST | 7566 | 1987-04-19 | 3000.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7844 | TURNER | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-09-08 | 1500.00 | 0.00 | 30 |
| 7876 | ADAMS | CLERK | 7788 | 1987-05-23 | 1100.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7900 | JAMES | CLERK | 7698 | 1981-12-03 | 950.00 | NULL | 30 |
| 7902 | FORD | ANALYST | 7566 | 1981-12-03 | 3000.00 | NULL | 20 |
+-------+--------+----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
11 rows in set (0.00 sec)大于、大于等于、小于、小于等于
大于 >
案例: 找出
薪资大于3000的员工姓名、薪资
select
ename, sal
from
emp
where
sal > 3000;
select ename,sal from emp where sal > 3000; -- 也可以写成一行mysql> select ename,sal from emp where sal > 3000;
+-------+---------+
| ename | sal |
+-------+---------+
| KING | 5000.00 |
+-------+---------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)大于等于 >=
案例: 找出
薪资大于等于3000的员工姓名、薪资
select
ename, sal
from
emp
where
sal >= 3000;
select ename,sal from emp where sal >= 3000; -- 也可以写成一行mysql> select ename,sal from emp where sal >= 3000;
+-------+---------+
| ename | sal |
+-------+---------+
| SCOTT | 3000.00 |
| KING | 5000.00 |
| FORD | 3000.00 |
+-------+---------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)小于 <
案例: 找出
薪资小于3000的员工姓名、薪资
select
ename, sal
from
emp
where
sal < 3000;
select ename,sal from emp where sal < 3000; -- 也可以写成一行mysql> select ename,sal from emp where sal < 3000;
+--------+---------+
| ename | sal |
+--------+---------+
| SMITH | 800.00 |
| ALLEN | 1600.00 |
| WARD | 1250.00 |
| JONES | 2975.00 |
| MARTIN | 1250.00 |
| BLAKE | 2850.00 |
| CLARK | 2450.00 |
| TURNER | 1500.00 |
| ADAMS | 1100.00 |
| JAMES | 950.00 |
| MILLER | 1300.00 |
+--------+---------+
11 rows in set (0.00 sec)小于等于 <=
案例：找出薪资小于等于3000的员工姓名、薪资
select
ename, sal
from
emp
where
sal <= 3000;
select ename,sal from emp where sal <= 3000; -- 也可以写成一行mysql> select ename,sal from emp where sal <= 3000;
+--------+---------+
| ename | sal |
+--------+---------+
| SMITH | 800.00 |
| ALLEN | 1600.00 |
| WARD | 1250.00 |
| JONES | 2975.00 |
| MARTIN | 1250.00 |
| BLAKE | 2850.00 |
| CLARK | 2450.00 |
| SCOTT | 3000.00 |
| TURNER | 1500.00 |
| ADAMS | 1100.00 |
| JAMES | 950.00 |
| FORD | 3000.00 |
| MILLER | 1300.00 |
+--------+---------+
13 rows in set (0.00 sec)and
and表示并且，还有另一种写法：&&
案例: 找出薪资大于等于3000并且小于等于5000的员工姓名、薪资。
select
ename,sal
from
emp
where
sal >= 3000 and sal <= 5000;
select ename,sal from emp where sal >= 3000 and sal <= 5000; -- 也可以写成一行
select ename,sal from emp where sal >= 3000 && sal <= 5000; -- 也可以写成一行mysql> select ename,sal from emp where sal >=3000 and sal <
=5000;
+-------+---------+
| ename | sal |
+-------+---------+
| SCOTT | 3000.00 |
| KING | 5000.00 |
| FORD | 3000.00 |
+-------+---------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select ename,sal from emp where sal >=3000 && sal <=
5000;
+-------+---------+
| ename | sal |
+-------+---------+
| SCOTT | 3000.00 |
| KING | 5000.00 |
| FORD | 3000.00 |
+-------+---------+
3 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
任务：找出工资级别为2~4（包含2和4）的最低工资和最高工资。
mysql> select losal,hisal from salgrade where grade >= 2 an
d grade <= 4;
+-------+-------+
| losal | hisal |
+-------+-------+
| 1201 | 1400 |
| 1401 | 2000 |
| 2001 | 3000 |
+-------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.01 sec)or
or表示或者，还有另一种写法：||
案例：找出
工作岗位是MANAGER和SALESMAN的员工姓名、工作岗位
select
ename, job
from
emp
where
job = 'MANAGER' or job = 'SALESMAN';
select ename,job from emp where job = 'MANAGER' or job = 'SALESMAN'; -- 也可以写成一行mysql> select ename,job from emp where job = 'MANAGER' or j
ob = 'SALESMAN';
+--------+----------+
| ename | job |
+--------+----------+
| ALLEN | SALESMAN |
| WARD | SALESMAN |
| JONES | MANAGER |
| MARTIN | SALESMAN |
| BLAKE | MANAGER |
| CLARK | MANAGER |
| TURNER | SALESMAN |
+--------+----------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)注意：这个题目描述中有这样一句话：
MANAGER和SALESMAN，有的同学一看到“和”，就直接使用“and”了，因为“和”对应的英文单词是“and”，如果是这样的话，就大错特错了，因为and表示并且，使用and表示工作岗位既是MANAGER又是SALESMAN的员工，这样的员工是不存在的，因为每一个员工只有一个岗位，不可能同时从事两个岗位。所以使用and是查询不到任何结果的。如下
select
ename, job
from
emp
where
job = 'MANAGER' and job = 'SALESMAN';
select ename,job from emp where job = 'MANAGER' and job = 'SALESMAN'; -- 也可以写成一行mysql> select ename,job from emp where job = 'MANAGER' and job = 'SALESMAN';
Empty set (0.00 sec)
任务：查询20和30部门的员工信息。
select * from emp where deptno = 20 or deptno = 30;mysql> select * from emp where deptno = 20 or deptno = 30;
+-------+--------+----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
| EMPNO | ENAME | JOB | MGR | HIREDATE | SAL | COMM | DEPTNO |
+-------+--------+----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
| 7369 | SMITH | CLERK | 7902 | 1980-12-17 | 800.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7499 | ALLEN | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-02-20 | 1600.00 | 300.00 | 30 |
| 7521 | WARD | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-02-22 | 1250.00 | 500.00 | 30 |
| 7566 | JONES | MANAGER | 7839 | 1981-04-02 | 2975.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7654 | MARTIN | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-09-28 | 1250.00 | 1400.00 | 30 |
| 7698 | BLAKE | MANAGER | 7839 | 1981-05-01 | 2850.00 | NULL | 30 |
| 7788 | SCOTT | ANALYST | 7566 | 1987-04-19 | 3000.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7844 | TURNER | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-09-08 | 1500.00 | 0.00 | 30 |
| 7876 | ADAMS | CLERK | 7788 | 1987-05-23 | 1100.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7900 | JAMES | CLERK | 7698 | 1981-12-03 | 950.00 | NULL | 30 |
| 7902 | FORD | ANALYST | 7566 | 1981-12-03 | 3000.00 | NULL | 20 |
+-------+--------+----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
11 rows in set (0.00 sec)and和or的优先级问题
and和or同时出现时，and优先级较高，会先执行，如果希望or先执行，这个时候需要给or条件添加小括号。另外，以后遇到不确定的优先级时，可以通过添加小括号的方式来解决。对于优先级问题没必要记忆。
案例：找出
薪资小于1500，并且部门编号是20或30的员工姓名、薪资、部门编号。
先来看一下错误写法：
select
ename,sal,deptno
from
emp
where
sal < 1500 and deptno = 20 or deptno = 30;
select ename,sal,deptno from emp where sal < 1500 and deptno = 20 or deptno = 30; -- 也可以写成一行mysql> select ename,sal,deptno from emp where sal < 1500 and deptno = 20 or deptno = 30;
+--------+---------+--------+
| ename | sal | deptno |
+--------+---------+--------+
| SMITH | 800.00 | 20 |
| ALLEN | 1600.00 | 30 |
| WARD | 1250.00 | 30 |
| MARTIN | 1250.00 | 30 |
| BLAKE | 2850.00 | 30 |
| TURNER | 1500.00 | 30 |
| ADAMS | 1100.00 | 20 |
| JAMES | 950.00 | 30 |
+--------+---------+--------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)认真解读题意得知：
薪资小于1500是一个大前提，要找出的是薪资小于1500的，满足这个条件的前提下，再找部门编号是20或30的，显然以上的运行结果中出现了薪资为1600的，为什么1600的会出现呢？这是因为“sal < 1500 and deptno = 20”结合在一起了，“depnto = 30”成了一个独立的条件。会导致部门编号为30的所有员工全部查询出来。我们应该让“deptno = 20 or deptno = 30”结合在一起，
正确写法如下：
select
ename,sal,deptno
from
emp
where
sal < 1500 and (deptno = 20 or deptno = 30);
select ename,sal,deptno from emp where sal < 1500 and (deptno = 20 or deptno = 30); -- 也可以写成一行mysql> select ename,sal,deptno from emp where sal < 1500 and (deptno = 20 or deptno = 30);
+--------+---------+--------+
| ename | sal | deptno |
+--------+---------+--------+
| SMITH | 800.00 | 20 |
| WARD | 1250.00 | 30 |
| MARTIN | 1250.00 | 30 |
| ADAMS | 1100.00 | 20 |
| JAMES | 950.00 | 30 |
+--------+---------+--------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
任务：找出薪资小于1500的，并且工作岗位是CLERK和SALESMAN的员工姓名、薪资、岗位。
select
ename,sal,job
from
emp
where
sal < 1500 and (job = 'CLERK' or job = 'SALESMAN');
select ename,sal,job from emp where sal < 1500 and (job = 'CLERK' or job = 'SALESMAN'); -- 也可以写成一行mysql> select ename,sal,job from emp where sal < 1500 and (job = 'CLERK' or job = 'SALESMAN');
+--------+---------+----------+
| ename | sal | job |
+--------+---------+----------+
| SMITH | 800.00 | CLERK |
| WARD | 1250.00 | SALESMAN |
| MARTIN | 1250.00 | SALESMAN |
| ADAMS | 1100.00 | CLERK |
| JAMES | 950.00 | CLERK |
| MILLER | 1300.00 | CLERK |
+--------+---------+----------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)between...and...
between...and...等同于>= and <=
做区间判断的，包含
左右两个边界值。它支持
数字、日期、字符串等数据类型。between...and...在使用时一定是
左小右大。左大右小时无法查询到数据。between...and... 和
>= and <=只是在写法结构上有区别，执行原理和效率方面没有区别。
案例：找出
薪资在1600到3000的员工姓名、薪资。
select
ename,sal
from
emp
where
sal between 1600 and 3000;
select ename,sal from emp where sal between 1600 and 3000; -- 也可以写成一行mysql> select ename,sal from emp where sal between 1600 and 3000;
+-------+---------+
| ename | sal |
+-------+---------+
| ALLEN | 1600.00 |
| JONES | 2975.00 |
| BLAKE | 2850.00 |
| CLARK | 2450.00 |
| SCOTT | 3000.00 |
| FORD | 3000.00 |
+-------+---------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)采用
左大右小的方式：
select
ename,sal
from
emp
where
sal between 3000 and 1600;
select ename,sal from emp where sal between 3000 and 1600; -- 也可以写成一行mysql> select ename,sal from emp where sal between 3000 and 1600;
Empty set (0.00 sec)没有查询到任何数据，所以在使用的时候一定要注意：左小右大。
任务：查询在1982-01-23到1987-04-19之间入职的员工。
select
*
from
emp
where
hiredate between '1982-01-23' and '1987-04-19';
select * from emp where hiredate between '1982-01-23' and '1987-04-19'; -- 也可以写成一行mysql> select * from emp;
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
| EMPNO | ENAME | JOB | MGR | HIREDATE | SAL | COMM | DEPTNO |
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
| 7369 | SMITH | CLERK | 7902 | 1980-12-17 | 800.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7499 | ALLEN | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-02-20 | 1600.00 | 300.00 | 30 |
| 7521 | WARD | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-02-22 | 1250.00 | 500.00 | 30 |
| 7566 | JONES | MANAGER | 7839 | 1981-04-02 | 2975.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7654 | MARTIN | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-09-28 | 1250.00 | 1400.00 | 30 |
| 7698 | BLAKE | MANAGER | 7839 | 1981-05-01 | 2850.00 | NULL | 30 |
| 7782 | CLARK | MANAGER | 7839 | 1981-06-09 | 2450.00 | NULL | 10 |
| 7788 | SCOTT | ANALYST | 7566 | 1987-04-19 | 3000.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7839 | KING | PRESIDENT | NULL | 1981-11-17 | 5000.00 | NULL | 10 |
| 7844 | TURNER | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-09-08 | 1500.00 | 0.00 | 30 |
| 7876 | ADAMS | CLERK | 7788 | 1987-05-23 | 1100.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7900 | JAMES | CLERK | 7698 | 1981-12-03 | 950.00 | NULL | 30 |
| 7902 | FORD | ANALYST | 7566 | 1981-12-03 | 3000.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7934 | MILLER | CLERK | 7782 | 1982-01-23 | 1300.00 | NULL | 10 |
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
14 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from emp where hiredate between '1982-01-23' and '1987-04-19';
+-------+--------+---------+------+------------+---------+------+--------+
| EMPNO | ENAME | JOB | MGR | HIREDATE | SAL | COMM | DEPTNO |
+-------+--------+---------+------+------------+---------+------+--------+
| 7788 | SCOTT | ANALYST | 7566 | 1987-04-19 | 3000.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7934 | MILLER | CLERK | 7782 | 1982-01-23 | 1300.00 | NULL | 10 |
+-------+--------+---------+------+------------+---------+------+--------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)注意：以上SQL语句中
日期需要加上单引号。
is null、is not null
判断某个数据
是否为null，不能使用等号，只能使用is null判断某个数据是
否不为null，不能使用不等号，只能使用is not null
在
数据库中null不是一个值，不能用等号和不等号衡量，null代表什么也没有，没有数据，没有值
is null
案例1：找出
津贴为空的员工姓名、薪资、津贴。
select
ename,sal,comm
from
emp
where
comm is null;
select ename,sal,comm from emp where comm is null; -- 也可以写成一行mysql> select ename,sal,comm from emp where comm is null;
+--------+---------+------+
| ename | sal | comm |
+--------+---------+------+
| SMITH | 800.00 | NULL |
| JONES | 2975.00 | NULL |
| BLAKE | 2850.00 | NULL |
| CLARK | 2450.00 | NULL |
| SCOTT | 3000.00 | NULL |
| KING | 5000.00 | NULL |
| ADAMS | 1100.00 | NULL |
| JAMES | 950.00 | NULL |
| FORD | 3000.00 | NULL |
| MILLER | 1300.00 | NULL |
+--------+---------+------+
10 rows in set (0.01 sec)我们使用
等号，尝试一下：
select
ename,sal,comm
from
emp
where
comm = null;
select ename,sal,comm from emp where comm = null; -- 也可以写成一行mysql> select ename,sal,comm from emp where comm = null;
Empty set (0.00 sec)查询不到任何数据，所以判断是否为空，不能用等号。
is not null
案例2：找出
津贴不为空的员工姓名、薪资、津贴。
select
ename,sal,comm
from
emp
where
comm is not null;
select ename,sal,comm from emp where comm is not null; -- 也可以写成一行mysql> select ename,sal,comm from emp where comm is not null;
+--------+---------+---------+
| ename | sal | comm |
+--------+---------+---------+
| ALLEN | 1600.00 | 300.00 |
| WARD | 1250.00 | 500.00 |
| MARTIN | 1250.00 | 1400.00 |
| TURNER | 1500.00 | 0.00 |
+--------+---------+---------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)in、not in
in
job in('MANAGER','SALESMAN','CLERK')等同于job = 'MANAGER' or job = 'SALESMAN' or job = 'CLERK'sal in(1600, 3000, 5000)等同于sal = 1600 or sal = 3000 or sal = 5000in后面有一个小括号，小括号当中有多个值，值和值之间采用逗号隔开sal in(1500, 5000)，需要注意的是：这个并不是说薪资在1500到5000之间，in不代表区间，表示sal是1500的和sal是5000的
案例1：找出
工作岗位是MANAGER和SALESMAN的员工姓名、薪资、工作岗位
第一种：
使用or
select
ename,sal,job
from
emp
where
job = 'MANAGER' or job = 'SALESMAN';
select ename,sal,job from emp where job = 'MANAGER' or job = 'SALESMAN'; -- 也可以写成一行mysql> select ename,sal,job from emp where job = 'MANAGER' or job = 'SALESMAN';
+--------+---------+----------+
| ename | sal | job |
+--------+---------+----------+
| ALLEN | 1600.00 | SALESMAN |
| WARD | 1250.00 | SALESMAN |
| JONES | 2975.00 | MANAGER |
| MARTIN | 1250.00 | SALESMAN |
| BLAKE | 2850.00 | MANAGER |
| CLARK | 2450.00 | MANAGER |
| TURNER | 1500.00 | SALESMAN |
+--------+---------+----------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)第二种：
使用in
select
ename,sal,job
from
emp
where
job in('MANAGER', 'SALESMAN');
select ename,sal,job from emp where job in('MANAGER', 'SALESMAN'); -- 也可以写成一行mysql> select ename,sal,job from emp where job in('MANAGER', 'SALESMAN');
+--------+---------+----------+
| ename | sal | job |
+--------+---------+----------+
| ALLEN | 1600.00 | SALESMAN |
| WARD | 1250.00 | SALESMAN |
| JONES | 2975.00 | MANAGER |
| MARTIN | 1250.00 | SALESMAN |
| BLAKE | 2850.00 | MANAGER |
| CLARK | 2450.00 | MANAGER |
| TURNER | 1500.00 | SALESMAN |
+--------+---------+----------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)案例2：找出
薪资是1500/1600/3000的员工姓名、工作岗位
select
ename,job
from
emp
where
sal in(1500, 1600, 3000);
select ename,job from emp where sal in(1500, 1600, 3000); -- 也可以写成一行mysql> select ename,job from emp where sal in(1500, 1600, 3000);
+--------+----------+
| ename | job |
+--------+----------+
| ALLEN | SALESMAN |
| SCOTT | ANALYST |
| TURNER | SALESMAN |
| FORD | ANALYST |
+--------+----------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
任务：找出部门编号是10和20的员工编号、姓名。（要求使用两种方案）
第一种：
使用or
select
empno,ename
from
emp
where
deptno = 10 or deptno = 20;
select empno,ename from emp where deptno = 10 or deptno = 20; -- 也可以写成一行mysql> select empno,ename from emp where deptno = 10 or deptno = 20;
+-------+--------+
| empno | ename |
+-------+--------+
| 7369 | SMITH |
| 7566 | JONES |
| 7782 | CLARK |
| 7788 | SCOTT |
| 7839 | KING |
| 7876 | ADAMS |
| 7902 | FORD |
| 7934 | MILLER |
+-------+--------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)第二种：
使用in
select
empno,ename
from
emp
where
deptno in(10, 20);
select empno,ename from emp where deptno in(10, 20); -- 也可以写成一行mysql> select empno,ename from emp where deptno in(10, 20);
+-------+--------+
| empno | ename |
+-------+--------+
| 7369 | SMITH |
| 7566 | JONES |
| 7782 | CLARK |
| 7788 | SCOTT |
| 7839 | KING |
| 7876 | ADAMS |
| 7902 | FORD |
| 7934 | MILLER |
+-------+--------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)not in
job not in('MANAGER','SALESMAN')等同于job <> 'MANAGER' and job <> 'SALESMAN'sal not in(1600, 5000)等同于sal <> 1600 and sal <> 5000
案例：找出工作岗位
不是MANAGER和SALESMAN的员工姓名、工作岗位
第一种：使用
and
select
ename,job
from
emp
where
job <> 'MANAGER' and job <> 'SALESMAN';
select ename,job from emp where job <> 'MANAGER' and job <> 'SALESMAN'; -- 也可以写成一行mysql> select ename,job from emp where job <> 'MANAGER' and job <> 'SALESMAN';
+--------+-----------+
| ename | job |
+--------+-----------+
| SMITH | CLERK |
| SCOTT | ANALYST |
| KING | PRESIDENT |
| ADAMS | CLERK |
| JAMES | CLERK |
| FORD | ANALYST |
| MILLER | CLERK |
+--------+-----------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)第二种：使用
not in
select
ename,job
from
emp
where
job not in('MANAGER', 'SALESMAN');
select ename,job from emp where job not in('MANAGER', 'SALESMAN'); -- 也可以写成一行mysql> select ename,job from emp where job not in('MANAGER', 'SALESMAN');
+--------+-----------+
| ename | job |
+--------+-----------+
| SMITH | CLERK |
| SCOTT | ANALYST |
| KING | PRESIDENT |
| ADAMS | CLERK |
| JAMES | CLERK |
| FORD | ANALYST |
| MILLER | CLERK |
+--------+-----------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
任务：找出薪资不是1600和3000的员工姓名、薪资。
select
ename,sal
from
emp
where
sal not in(1600, 3000);
select ename,sal from emp where sal not in(1600, 3000); -- 也可以写成一行mysql> select ename,sal from emp where sal not in(1600, 3000);
+--------+---------+
| ename | sal |
+--------+---------+
| SMITH | 800.00 |
| WARD | 1250.00 |
| JONES | 2975.00 |
| MARTIN | 1250.00 |
| BLAKE | 2850.00 |
| CLARK | 2450.00 |
| KING | 5000.00 |
| TURNER | 1500.00 |
| ADAMS | 1100.00 |
| JAMES | 950.00 |
| MILLER | 1300.00 |
+--------+---------+
11 rows in set (0.00 sec)in、not in 与 NULL
先来看一下emp表中的数据
select * from emp;mysql> select * from emp;
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
| EMPNO | ENAME | JOB | MGR | HIREDATE | SAL | COMM | DEPTNO |
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
| 7369 | SMITH | CLERK | 7902 | 1980-12-17 | 800.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7499 | ALLEN | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-02-20 | 1600.00 | 300.00 | 30 |
| 7521 | WARD | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-02-22 | 1250.00 | 500.00 | 30 |
| 7566 | JONES | MANAGER | 7839 | 1981-04-02 | 2975.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7654 | MARTIN | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-09-28 | 1250.00 | 1400.00 | 30 |
| 7698 | BLAKE | MANAGER | 7839 | 1981-05-01 | 2850.00 | NULL | 30 |
| 7782 | CLARK | MANAGER | 7839 | 1981-06-09 | 2450.00 | NULL | 10 |
| 7788 | SCOTT | ANALYST | 7566 | 1987-04-19 | 3000.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7839 | KING | PRESIDENT | NULL | 1981-11-17 | 5000.00 | NULL | 10 |
| 7844 | TURNER | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-09-08 | 1500.00 | 0.00 | 30 |
| 7876 | ADAMS | CLERK | 7788 | 1987-05-23 | 1100.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7900 | JAMES | CLERK | 7698 | 1981-12-03 | 950.00 | NULL | 30 |
| 7902 | FORD | ANALYST | 7566 | 1981-12-03 | 3000.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 7934 | MILLER | CLERK | 7782 | 1982-01-23 | 1300.00 | NULL | 10 |
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
14 rows in set (0.04 sec)通过表中数据观察到，有
4个员工的津贴不为NULL，剩下10个员工的津贴都是NULL。
写这样一条SQL语句：
select * from emp where comm in(NULL, 300);mysql> select * from emp where comm in(NULL, 300);
+-------+-------+----------+------+------------+---------+--------+--------+
| EMPNO | ENAME | JOB | MGR | HIREDATE | SAL | COMM | DEPTNO |
+-------+-------+----------+------+------------+---------+--------+--------+
| 7499 | ALLEN | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-02-20 | 1600.00 | 300.00 | 30 |
+-------+-------+----------+------+------------+---------+--------+--------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)为什么以上执行结果
只有一条记录呢？分析一下：
首先你要知道
in的执行原理实际上是采用=和or的方式，也就是说，以上SQL语句实际上是：
select * from emp where comm = NULL or comm = 300;其中NULL不能用等号=进行判断，所以
comm = NULL结果是false，然而中间使用的是or，所以comm = NULL被忽略了。所以查询结果就以上一条数据。
通过以上的测试得知：
in是自动忽略NULL的。
再写这样一条SQL语句：
select * from emp where comm not in(NULL, 300);mysql> select * from emp where comm not in(NULL, 300);
Empty set (0.00 sec)以上的执行结果奇怪了，为什么
没有查到任何数据呢？我们分析一下：
首先你要知道
not in的执行原理实际上是采用<>和and的方式，也就是说，以上SQL语句实际上是：
select * from emp where comm <> NULL and comm <> 300;其中
NULL的判断不能使用<>，所以comm <> NULL结果是false，由于后面是and，and表示并且，comm <> NULL已经是false了，所以and右边的就没必要运算了，comm <> NULL and comm <> 300的整体运算结果就是false。所以查询不到任何数据。
通过以上测试得知，
not in是不会自动忽略NULL的，所以在使用not in的时候一定要提前过滤掉NULL。
in和or的效率比拼
在MySQL当中，如何统计一个
SQL语句的执行时长？
- 可以使用这个命令：show profiles; 这个命令可以查看在mysql中执行的所有SQL以及命令的耗费时长。
- show profiles; 是在mysql5.0.37之后添加的。所以要确保你的mysql版本没问题。
- 如何开启时长统计功能：set profiling = 1;
- 查看时长统计功能是否开启：show variables like '%pro%';
- 查看每条SQL的耗时：show profiles;
- 查看其中某条SQL耗时明细：show profile for query query_id;
- 查看最新一条SQL的耗时明细：show profile;
- 查看cpu，io等信息：show profile block io, cpu for query query_id;
or的效率为O(n)，而in的效率为O(log n), 当n越大的时候效率相差越明显（也就是说数据量越大的时候，in的效率越高）。以下是测试过程： 第一步，创建测试表，并生成测试数据，测试数据为1000万条记录。数据库中关闭了query cache，因此数据库缓存不会对查询造成影响。具体的代码如下：
#创建测试的test表
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS test;
CREATE TABLE test(
ID INT(10) NOT NULL,
`Name` VARCHAR(20) DEFAULT '' NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY( ID )
)ENGINE=INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET utf8;
#创建生成测试数据的存储过程
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS pre_test;
DELIMITER //
CREATE PROCEDURE pre_test()
BEGIN
DECLARE i INT DEFAULT 0;
SET autocommit = 0;
WHILE i<10000000 DO
INSERT INTO test ( ID,`Name` ) VALUES( i, CONCAT( 'Carl', i ) );
SET i = i+1;
IF i%2000 = 0 THEN
COMMIT;
END IF;
END WHILE;
END; //
DELIMITER ;
#执行存储过程生成测试数据
CALL pre_test();以上SQL看不懂没关系，先执行它，进行数据初始化准备工作。
第二步：分三种情况进行测试，分别是：
第1种情况：in和or所在列为主键的情形。
第2种情况：in和or所在列创建有索引的情形。
第3种情况：in和or所在列没有索引的情形。
每种情况又采用不同的in和or的数量进行测试。由于测试语句的数据量有4种情况，我这里就称为A组、B组、C组、D组，其中A组为3个值，B组为150个值，C组为300个值，D组为1000个值。具体的测试语句如下：
#A组
#in和or中有3条数据的情况
SELECT * FROM test WHERE id IN (1,23,48);
SELECT * FROM test WHERE id =1 OR id=23 OR id=48;
#B组
#in和or中有150条数据的情况
SELECT * FROM test WHERE id IN (59617932,98114476,89047409,26968186,56586105,35488201,53251989,18182139,71164231,57655852,7948544,60658339,50758185,66667117,34771253,68699137,27877290,44275282,1585444,71219424,90937482,83928635,24588528,81933207,9607562,12013895,84640278,85549596,53249244,8567444,85402877,15040223,54266509,17718135,91687882,22930500,94756430,66031097,13084573,18137443,89917778,46845456,43939093,35943480,18213703,46362815,49835919,83137546,2101409,74932951,11984477,93113331,77848222,68546065,33728734,90793684,44975642,61387237,52483391,97716233,49449060,22411182,30776331,60597240,6911731,45789095,62075344,8379933,97910423,86861971,81342386,93423963,83852896,18566482,22747687,51420625,75862064,26402882,93958561,85202979,97049369,67674725,9475653,92302381,78133617,49295001,36517340,81387142,15707241,60832834,93157830,64171432,58537826,70141767,7326025,36632075,9639624,8900056,99702164,35108945,87820933,57302965,16652391,41845132,62184393,70136913,79574630,32562398,94616790,61258220,73162018,81644480,19453596,97380163,1204733,33357040,84854495,13888863,49041868,89272326,38405345,571248,6349029,70755321,79307694,60619684,92624181,73135306,23279848,95612954,55845916,6223606,43836918,37459781,67969314,99398872,7616960,37189193,50151920,62881879,12364637,33204320,27135672,28441504,47373461,87967926,30631796,20053540,18735984,83406724);
SELECT * FROM test WHERE id=59617932 OR id=98114476 OR id=89047409 OR id=26968186 OR id=56586105 OR id=35488201 OR id=53251989 OR id=18182139 OR id=71164231 OR id=57655852 OR id=7948544 OR id=60658339 OR id=50758185 OR id=66667117 OR id=34771253 OR id=68699137 OR id=27877290 OR id=44275282 OR id=1585444 OR id=71219424 OR id=90937482 OR id=83928635 OR id=24588528 OR id=81933207 OR id=9607562 OR id=12013895 OR id=84640278 OR id=85549596 OR id=53249244 OR id=8567444 OR id=85402877 OR id=15040223 OR id=54266509 OR id=17718135 OR id=91687882 OR id=22930500 OR id=94756430 OR id=66031097 OR id=13084573 OR id=18137443 OR id=89917778 OR id=46845456 OR id=43939093 OR id=35943480 OR id=18213703 OR id=46362815 OR id=49835919 OR id=83137546 OR id=2101409 OR id=74932951 OR id=11984477 OR id=93113331 OR id=77848222 OR id=68546065 OR id=33728734 OR id=90793684 OR id=44975642 OR id=61387237 OR id=52483391 OR id=97716233 OR id=49449060 OR id=22411182 OR id=30776331 OR id=60597240 OR id=6911731 OR id=45789095 OR id=62075344 OR id=8379933 OR id=97910423 OR id=86861971 OR id=81342386 OR id=93423963 OR id=83852896 OR id=18566482 OR id=22747687 OR id=51420625 OR id=75862064 OR id=26402882 OR id=93958561 OR id=85202979 OR id=97049369 OR id=67674725 OR id=9475653 OR id=92302381 OR id=78133617 OR id=49295001 OR id=36517340 OR id=81387142 OR id=15707241 OR id=60832834 OR id=93157830 OR id=64171432 OR id=58537826 OR id=70141767 OR id=7326025 OR id=36632075 OR id=9639624 OR id=8900056 OR id=99702164 OR id=35108945 OR id=87820933 OR id=57302965 OR id=16652391 OR id=41845132 OR id=62184393 OR id=70136913 OR id=79574630 OR id=32562398 OR id=94616790 OR id=61258220 OR id=73162018 OR id=81644480 OR id=19453596 OR id=97380163 OR id=1204733 OR id=33357040 OR id=84854495 OR id=13888863 OR id=49041868 OR id=89272326 OR id=38405345 OR id=571248 OR id=6349029 OR id=70755321 OR id=79307694 OR id=60619684 OR id=92624181 OR id=73135306 OR id=23279848 OR id=95612954 OR id=55845916 OR id=6223606 OR id=43836918 OR id=37459781 OR id=67969314 OR id=99398872 OR id=7616960 OR id=37189193 OR id=50151920 OR id=62881879 OR id=12364637 OR id=33204320 OR id=27135672 OR id=28441504 OR id=47373461 OR id=87967926 OR id=30631796 OR id=20053540 OR id=18735984 OR id=83406724;
#C组
#in和or中有300条数据的情况
SELECT * FROM test WHERE id IN (37092877,94859722,74276090,8763830,38727241,95732954,93414819,55070016,3591352,73857925,92290525,15210159,83905516,54934589,83004136,31442143,6060569,22209206,27649629,11464943,77822402,28714780,10058522,62252663,13751461,38997875,47320577,64507359,36137908,54297630,97411161,56542672,22017966,55190708,70072386,24300664,93413617,23621629,74772508,62774612,43001947,46161388,85563006,70177147,63960440,18001207,81734850,10635060,6551152,54877885,44426798,73950635,18713144,21690065,82153543,26048520,79954773,22411093,97307339,74193176,1413532,88006544,36062746,24043946,17132007,95958217,26112542,27303972,17247403,56778979,60928031,69369613,90584759,86234538,41726089,25315005,27568726,25091624,15307765,83130887,42726438,75872353,18991223,47819224,75457713,54659391,54889687,65229322,17124556,38376043,1989975,45973571,48597804,58632319,43388664,97010450,94745635,13217373,40472912,40220510,58319808,48228318,48936085,86281500,65466706,96815281,11751559,50188155,76649755,35315411,20360954,17739218,10918461,51429591,41447650,65170472,26810295,80912347,17157209,75851858,61150903,4408208,61200404,6655467,66863737,51549112,61951371,14368308,14663119,8762531,31765056,30560647,41048147,95526521,94929131,56881239,79014587,62705983,15892901,66151473,98846144,79336731,35949035,26250054,97536202,40575682,6965144,91059908,97939380,30854180,1965937,17193347,76584991,70467475,6559872,97386594,13939914,20379091,84906436,45989448,17337270,4949675,96963499,12561575,77153018,73213368,68283041,33977574,86290771,70381017,73095085,454900,44614195,48171334,49603342,7430998,29447060,47643508,82393912,83169846,94256496,35275444,40024984,25377535,46571333,32510994,70927802,92017916,97302502,22859741,32726786,79071601,93977472,47409421,49311618,77366144,84838598,59401507,67110877,42075938,76962007,27984930,72982484,81363683,75017478,88624177,67220235,88290070,26311443,87681081,77960250,4996033,68448074,67762279,99650583,36766422,27233152,71436659,25428777,81481679,51070397,88351803,78755075,26783938,83610840,45650662,86305644,1717314,66176062,6507047,45084786,74402982,55661367,35721238,40424913,24294239,30223531,55367671,56777532,12604154,4870493,14750488,74039611,42549918,70710424,56247316,63002053,71117605,16510883,67417211,34057637,74185092,58603491,66987830,73584171,9178319,47096502,1554825,37756804,85168245,92690138,6120773,99586029,74696745,61803307,56631845,42681796,58965644,68703695,69660559,15879062,26713059,85186928,63117471,53007808,74576547,32187857,13701205,88645881,24507258,87453800,39624977,75862710,62419627,70804059,10461373,18265782,56366177,68093007,75760763,43931574,65808002,49148775,98019987,71183123,53762434,78851856,37767085,89124453,47566746);
SELECT * FROM test WHERE id=37092877 OR id=94859722 OR id=74276090 OR id=8763830 OR id=38727241 OR id=95732954 OR id=93414819 OR id=55070016 OR id=3591352 OR id=73857925 OR id=92290525 OR id=15210159 OR id=83905516 OR id=54934589 OR id=83004136 OR id=31442143 OR id=6060569 OR id=22209206 OR id=27649629 OR id=11464943 OR id=77822402 OR id=28714780 OR id=10058522 OR id=62252663 OR id=13751461 OR id=38997875 OR id=47320577 OR id=64507359 OR id=36137908 OR id=54297630 OR id=97411161 OR id=56542672 OR id=22017966 OR id=55190708 OR id=70072386 OR id=24300664 OR id=93413617 OR id=23621629 OR id=74772508 OR id=62774612 OR id=43001947 OR id=46161388 OR id=85563006 OR id=70177147 OR id=63960440 OR id=18001207 OR id=81734850 OR id=10635060 OR id=6551152 OR id=54877885 OR id=44426798 OR id=73950635 OR id=18713144 OR id=21690065 OR id=82153543 OR id=26048520 OR id=79954773 OR id=22411093 OR id=97307339 OR id=74193176 OR id=1413532 OR id=88006544 OR id=36062746 OR id=24043946 OR id=17132007 OR id=95958217 OR id=26112542 OR id=27303972 OR id=17247403 OR id=56778979 OR id=60928031 OR id=69369613 OR id=90584759 OR id=86234538 OR id=41726089 OR id=25315005 OR id=27568726 OR id=25091624 OR id=15307765 OR id=83130887 OR id=42726438 OR id=75872353 OR id=18991223 OR id=47819224 OR id=75457713 OR id=54659391 OR id=54889687 OR id=65229322 OR id=17124556 OR id=38376043 OR id=1989975 OR id=45973571 OR id=48597804 OR id=58632319 OR id=43388664 OR id=97010450 OR id=94745635 OR id=13217373 OR id=40472912 OR id=40220510 OR id=58319808 OR id=48228318 OR id=48936085 OR id=86281500 OR id=65466706 OR id=96815281 OR id=11751559 OR id=50188155 OR id=76649755 OR id=35315411 OR id=20360954 OR id=17739218 OR id=10918461 OR id=51429591 OR id=41447650 OR id=65170472 OR id=26810295 OR id=80912347 OR id=17157209 OR id=75851858 OR id=61150903 OR id=4408208 OR id=61200404 OR id=6655467 OR id=66863737 OR id=51549112 OR id=61951371 OR id=14368308 OR id=14663119 OR id=8762531 OR id=31765056 OR id=30560647 OR id=41048147 OR id=95526521 OR id=94929131 OR id=56881239 OR id=79014587 OR id=62705983 OR id=15892901 OR id=66151473 OR id=98846144 OR id=79336731 OR id=35949035 OR id=26250054 OR id=97536202 OR id=40575682 OR id=6965144 OR id=91059908 OR id=97939380 OR id=30854180 OR id=1965937 OR id=17193347 OR id=76584991 OR id=70467475 OR id=6559872 OR id=97386594 OR id=13939914 OR id=20379091 OR id=84906436 OR id=45989448 OR id=17337270 OR id=4949675 OR id=96963499 OR id=12561575 OR id=77153018 OR id=73213368 OR id=68283041 OR id=33977574 OR id=86290771 OR id=70381017 OR id=73095085 OR id=454900 OR id=44614195 OR id=48171334 OR id=49603342 OR id=7430998 OR id=29447060 OR id=47643508 OR id=82393912 OR id=83169846 OR id=94256496 OR id=35275444 OR id=40024984 OR id=25377535 OR id=46571333 OR id=32510994 OR id=70927802 OR id=92017916 OR id=97302502 OR id=22859741 OR id=32726786 OR id=79071601 OR id=93977472 OR id=47409421 OR id=49311618 OR id=77366144 OR id=84838598 OR id=59401507 OR id=67110877 OR id=42075938 OR id=76962007 OR id=27984930 OR id=72982484 OR id=81363683 OR id=75017478 OR id=88624177 OR id=67220235 OR id=88290070 OR id=26311443 OR id=87681081 OR id=77960250 OR id=4996033 OR id=68448074 OR id=67762279 OR id=99650583 OR id=36766422 OR id=27233152 OR id=71436659 OR id=25428777 OR id=81481679 OR id=51070397 OR id=88351803 OR id=78755075 OR id=26783938 OR id=83610840 OR id=45650662 OR id=86305644 OR id=1717314 OR id=66176062 OR id=6507047 OR id=45084786 OR id=74402982 OR id=55661367 OR id=35721238 OR id=40424913 OR id=24294239 OR id=30223531 OR id=55367671 OR id=56777532 OR id=12604154 OR id=4870493 OR id=14750488 OR id=74039611 OR id=42549918 OR id=70710424 OR id=56247316 OR id=63002053 OR id=71117605 OR id=16510883 OR id=67417211 OR id=34057637 OR id=74185092 OR id=58603491 OR id=66987830 OR id=73584171 OR id=9178319 OR id=47096502 OR id=1554825 OR id=37756804 OR id=85168245 OR id=92690138 OR id=6120773 OR id=99586029 OR id=74696745 OR id=61803307 OR id=56631845 OR id=42681796 OR id=58965644 OR id=68703695 OR id=69660559 OR id=15879062 OR id=26713059 OR id=85186928 OR id=63117471 OR id=53007808 OR id=74576547 OR id=32187857 OR id=13701205 OR id=88645881 OR id=24507258 OR id=87453800 OR id=39624977 OR id=75862710 OR id=62419627 OR id=70804059 OR id=10461373 OR id=18265782 OR id=56366177 OR id=68093007 OR id=75760763 OR id=43931574 OR id=65808002 OR id=49148775 OR id=98019987 OR id=71183123 OR id=53762434 OR id=78851856 OR id=37767085 OR id=89124453 OR id=47566746;
#D组
#in和or中有1000条数据的情况
SELECT * FROM test WHERE id IN (93674701,9720356,31732184,53855095,33144472,71864888,27541768,27238726,83648428,12942332,26918445,19781953,81861032,74800064,12286132,6624397,64942581,70512799,46356598,88292448,87069909,38175756,98121997,62570414,15900806,51527968,89092372,8084203,53772848,78871524,3608561,85909562,41702172,61800503,57877634,93407278,30824340,13159046,49055339,73058078,983603,73571456,51694978,75136628,82716874,83551181,7964224,47505945,92695321,15885152,79282709,18572099,27392970,14552787,19848227,4518183,11773920,22285326,71605145,2402625,63365854,70973600,10584706,83688869,84268419,6026005,36545233,24462648,19293921,17561083,52105483,59243514,35230465,34650779,30053489,24225251,59642405,81933853,94495716,26364324,25980634,5579237,14569289,89417845,71178959,4143920,20467990,53316808,21288525,82249537,37737589,44712689,36788133,15668654,4697556,63785060,11555169,36401204,92276179,4135929,75453019,28231031,8649240,11576980,20262028,56242424,11305608,5655216,90240601,28569373,5296027,10739594,72751648,22531251,12535926,36347415,19740655,69125465,7523885,88128548,88830806,25010302,29411467,99614288,32646290,16592563,69036910,32604729,88737786,90169676,57646877,72105460,40027541,70362483,37221415,25284914,69691185,17972978,1544661,47324366,25337670,91133621,63697117,48652228,18538437,79966496,26066529,65334307,8305141,86289387,20178085,88836090,74948034,14101728,7837868,83548120,65602502,83129211,24785681,65000269,49140174,62636621,31096695,52276400,28546681,83631937,57100225,42531528,28326396,38641032,93055463,20525612,66073509,35154065,29007664,12600294,76829494,73917074,67226149,12478806,39842542,70312958,82792046,49668650,46280815,96555182,22966062,83158116,87566530,66277804,7944142,90649884,64342810,9881875,14833854,82959569,50523207,48788762,3801076,14677723,63080506,96215352,36302231,35067168,11695282,19447382,66401373,40822285,41406321,48630216,78955925,57194625,52097877,16169037,44834346,2593695,29948466,41842778,50510473,39669493,64590865,26160800,94882286,2703212,41243905,89363549,82819429,25565895,86836890,58385785,55898457,99305620,43332680,98223672,4494624,25408421,28054121,48197701,90633404,25825550,90631154,24867226,61846156,38911183,67826056,10676975,57116645,474292,82387517,56211477,46555785,49282428,99468990,81172472,26720330,38692582,96073680,88412290,28829489,1816508,75321051,81650509,23175973,42008725,60743468,52532114,731909,77811415,86804961,29675484,33584929,180367,93687804,41093066,5987495,27291494,78229979,63194139,34357776,9992084,22643334,22407822,69740170,29581361,50036776,88768091,82537322,83709895,55361776,90616169,44595355,9468440,54552233,73496954,46104486,92947715,38522993,88515232,57725249,48507967,25309486,91597013,85635814,69579638,68775627,57556546,77900275,95965693,9601780,5448068,54075952,64335883,80114875,14793294,21016639,1959922,93176996,7893733,51407895,45849129,33857790,30096194,78021982,66555961,15842998,77678123,56648395,8171848,80152264,78616680,80098122,22882409,77242219,3124519,60865422,43164198,43256621,73261157,12541949,49780175,23167183,10509251,41809106,25655902,6752559,39850293,50992519,40061483,84526968,93056718,53267125,53914467,39404926,83672449,21484465,34147538,13437853,74079093,50400032,85705998,7557614,10300505,79264856,65669946,23899714,53506926,36081544,11113765,65755643,5826515,60392667,55562374,98132987,80904530,92663352,7283593,3709276,52078745,84847057,34235334,63889320,70036669,58603533,27394053,54766781,50920854,80202681,67618417,82912294,20150728,20042189,86403320,38738266,58393070,50887299,12170654,16212895,37361223,13677457,19503506,20213757,84240441,39618969,26401150,47937678,55871130,79189571,5717133,12444503,95283334,14827147,22008485,56345882,43237192,56980197,68699371,46407250,72120555,70694039,46438829,17774982,36484024,138767,89563532,54847019,7815592,44909604,50479084,17462504,96594465,58317102,92426225,91894699,4501659,43315607,9442814,19705166,87751308,95588126,92372510,20281564,19251355,10321183,34573093,19074704,84678191,24383998,27670253,50223562,34091936,99304371,32477827,54273037,86525073,73253547,33316827,6724062,76707318,78171148,44729510,16697684,68966388,57448392,51380186,35344477,98153122,51825492,27202774,26901641,37527637,88241695,15100257,30418000,21821200,95511035,9289513,83870196,54628801,39402988,88345504,84232433,13925255,70816934,6822742,14400466,430652,87397095,89773413,10883914,89939310,39597573,49356789,62857680,93292662,55644642,81922551,94304087,63705961,137763,22392805,65195561,39498904,22576234,59467794,46389072,66341462,44602153,18204976,45366397,3880945,98231882,27999162,38209350,10599910,77139550,35114264,57109708,93064441,34801782,24938667,84955486,53018874,37969943,64372852,69596670,21288762,12774121,97588451,23575359,10954061,50363988,56263940,61520763,85096643,36250068,19807406,20984386,24520668,44631794,62587890,44963362,7663521,78505677,98442373,90280978,14494324,16069861,11397153,87726305,26133866,42024935,93393929,72575268,76384597,42272046,81658814,40811718,86054463,35997739,51075676,62839927,68179261,1929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SELECT * FROM test WHERE id=93674701 OR id=9720356 OR id=31732184 OR id=53855095 OR id=33144472 OR id=71864888 OR id=27541768 OR id=27238726 OR id=83648428 OR id=12942332 OR id=26918445 OR id=19781953 OR id=81861032 OR id=74800064 OR id=12286132 OR id=6624397 OR id=64942581 OR id=70512799 OR id=46356598 OR id=88292448 OR id=87069909 OR id=38175756 OR id=98121997 OR id=62570414 OR id=15900806 OR id=51527968 OR id=89092372 OR id=8084203 OR id=53772848 OR id=78871524 OR id=3608561 OR id=85909562 OR id=41702172 OR id=61800503 OR id=57877634 OR id=93407278 OR id=30824340 OR id=13159046 OR id=49055339 OR id=73058078 OR id=983603 OR id=73571456 OR id=51694978 OR id=75136628 OR id=82716874 OR id=83551181 OR id=7964224 OR id=47505945 OR id=92695321 OR id=15885152 OR id=79282709 OR id=18572099 OR id=27392970 OR id=14552787 OR id=19848227 OR id=4518183 OR id=11773920 OR id=22285326 OR id=71605145 OR id=2402625 OR id=63365854 OR id=70973600 OR id=10584706 OR id=83688869 OR id=84268419 OR 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id=56894828 OR id=70636689 OR id=72497148 OR id=67388694 OR id=68146510 OR id=64298548 OR id=97117498 OR id=25553211 OR id=54226533 OR id=90395845 OR id=24172623 OR id=91712292 OR id=98280822 OR id=54042497 OR id=25032894 OR id=6833135 OR id=39011254 OR id=9837753 OR id=63507766 OR id=26747954 OR id=45941264 OR id=99955245 OR id=80051546 OR id=78510759 OR id=71322333 OR id=92407609 OR id=95809491 OR id=18999217 OR id=23430377 OR id=11861293 OR id=42583098 OR id=24163209 OR id=11358738 OR id=3237302 OR id=3176665 OR id=87151132 OR id=2789150 OR id=63905882 OR id=59864282 OR id=3673596 OR id=19570439 OR id=22883042 OR id=72375525 OR id=51614404 OR id=47526636 OR id=98443133 OR id=99140135 OR id=33855918 OR id=28333489 OR id=81416033 OR id=2670097 OR id=4897577 OR id=24439616 OR id=36643479 OR id=40817600 OR id=76022791 OR id=40072872 OR id=95193435 OR id=96967607 OR id=24983145 OR id=49883271 OR id=94602753 OR id=83555050 OR id=85455145 OR id=34563229 OR id=72328311 OR id=12002151 OR id=71481181 OR id=72998351 OR id=1489188 OR id=38426973 OR id=91893116 OR id=61594591 OR id=89693630 OR id=6268166 OR id=20056665 OR id=62169880 OR id=17143472 OR id=35103925 OR id=22452590 OR id=54272289 OR id=34236829 OR id=78028543 OR id=84474414 OR id=40386926 OR id=50550952 OR id=49413559 OR id=48781941 OR id=22927237 OR id=44447815 OR id=29960478 OR id=47578119 OR id=10192558 OR id=87733936 OR id=88699383 OR id=38808712 OR id=79944807 OR id=84014713 OR id=31865463 OR id=72617685 OR id=19557568 OR id=47865990 OR id=39069638 OR id=20086122 OR id=1777562 OR id=29018078 OR id=78358083 OR id=94561719 OR id=46281152 OR id=99789008 OR id=86929490 OR id=16534451 OR id=55989144 OR id=52455669 OR id=54561585 OR id=97379646 OR id=20416183 OR id=87617750 OR id=76115505 OR id=3282482 OR id=8383619 OR id=45456319 OR id=29576432 OR id=67750627 OR id=61736333 OR id=33745442 OR id=51502165 OR id=35349384 OR id=78106651 OR id=23232822 OR id=94851387 OR id=78254073 OR id=82406754 OR id=10317954 OR id=70125940 OR id=45067526 OR id=27061875 OR id=25640164 OR id=52574899 OR id=93819227 OR id=93789607 OR id=96122951 OR id=31673246 OR id=70431904 OR id=54067896 OR id=37146857 OR id=37817889 OR id=14058940 OR id=60710246 OR id=64844350 OR id=91604383 OR id=71972005 OR id=13888349 OR id=19093493 OR id=27397281 OR id=61085409 OR id=66529387 OR id=82761299 OR id=72236310 OR id=19277077 OR id=96599501 OR id=68304096 OR id=48292937 OR id=97503321 OR id=88011133 OR id=29224803 OR id=79782945 OR id=79965966 OR id=83716914 OR id=90432214 OR id=48938902 OR id=12498489 OR id=30246261 OR id=91624049 OR id=68652396 OR id=23677785 OR id=44084687 OR id=3865123 OR id=37823170 OR id=45287730 OR id=38784682 OR id=28058351 OR id=68226368 OR id=61569897 OR id=44737876 OR id=70575908 OR id=25568463 OR id=24668386 OR id=88650569 OR id=35559584 OR id=1897737 OR id=77844785 OR id=29780669 OR id=84004602 OR id=29029776 OR id=91003545 OR id=48058106 OR id=9463847;测试结果如下：
第一种情况，ID列为主键的情况，4组测试执行计划一样，执行的时间也基本没有区别。
A组or和in的执行时间： or的执行时间为：0.002s in的执行时间为：0.002s
B组or和in的执行时间： or的执行时间为：0.004s in的执行时间为：0.004s
C组or和in的执行时间： or的执行时间为：0.006s in的执行时间为：0.005s
D组or和in的执行时间： or的执行时间为：0.018s in的执行时间为：0.014s第二种情况，ID列为一般索引的情况，4组测试执行计划一样，执行的时间也基本没有区别。
A组or和in的执行时间： or的执行时间为：0.002s in的执行时间为：0.002s
B组or和in的执行时间： or的执行时间为：0.006s in的执行时间为：0.005s
C组or和in的执行时间： or的执行时间为：0.008s in的执行时间为：0.008s
D组or和in的执行时间： or的执行时间为：0.021s in的执行时间为：0.020s第三种情况，ID列没有索引的情况，4组测试执行计划一样，执行的时间有很大的区别。
A组or和in的执行时间： or的执行时间为：5.016s in的执行时间为：5.071s
B组or和in的执行时间： or的执行时间为：1min 02s in的执行时间为：5.018s
C组or和in的执行时间： or的执行时间为：1min 55s in的执行时间为：5.018s
D组or和in的执行时间： or的执行时间为：6min 17s in的执行时间为：5.057s结论：从上面的测试结果，可以看出如果in和or所在列有索引或者主键的话，or和in没啥差别，执行计划和执行时间都几乎一样。如果in和or所在列没有索引的话，性能差别就很大了。在没有索引的情况下，随着in或者or后面的数据量越多，in的效率不会有太大的下降，但是or会随着记录越多的话性能下降非常厉害，从第三种测试情况中可以很明显地看出了，基本上是指数级增长。因此在给in和or的效率下定义的时候，应该再加上一个条件，就是所在的列是否有索引或者是否是主键。如果有索引或者主键性能没啥差别，如果没有索引，性能差别不是一点点！
模糊查询like
模糊查询又被称为模糊匹配，在实际开发中使用较多，比如：查询公司中所有姓张的，查询岗位中带有经理两个字的职位等等，这些都需要使用模糊查询。
模糊查询的
语法格式如下：
select .. from .. where 字段 like '通配符表达式';在模糊查询中，通配符主要包括两个：一个是
%，一个是下划线_。其中%代表任意多个字符。下划线_代表任意一个字符。
案例1：查询员工名字以'S'开始的员工姓名
select ename from emp where ename like 'S%';mysql> select ename from emp where ename like 'S%';
+-------+
| ename |
+-------+
| SMITH |
| SCOTT |
+-------+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)案例2：查询
员工名字以'T'结尾的员工姓名
select ename from emp where ename like '%T';mysql> select ename from emp where ename like '%T';
+-------+
| ename |
+-------+
| SCOTT |
+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)案例3：查询员工名字中含有'O'的员工姓名
select ename from emp where ename like '%O%';mysql> select ename from emp where ename like '%O%';
+-------+
| ename |
+-------+
| JONES |
| SCOTT |
| FORD |
+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)案例4：查询
员工名字中第二个字母是'A'的员工姓名
select ename from emp where ename like '_A%';mysql> select ename from emp where ename like '_A%';
+--------+
| ename |
+--------+
| WARD |
| MARTIN |
| JAMES |
+--------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)案例5：查询
学员名字中含有下划线的。
执行以下
SQL语句，先准备测试数据：
drop table if exists student;
create table student(
id int,
name varchar(255)
);
insert into student(id,name) values(1, 'susan');
insert into student(id,name) values(2, 'lucy');
insert into student(id,name) values(3, 'jack_son');
select * from student;查看
原始powernode表结构：
mysql> show tables;
+---------------------+
| Tables_in_powernode |
+---------------------+
| dept |
| emp |
| salgrade |
+---------------------+
3 rows in set (0.01 sec)创建
student表：
mysql> drop table if exists student;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)
mysql> create table student(
-> id int,
-> name varchar(255)
-> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)
mysql> insert into student(id,name) values(1, 'susan');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> insert into student(id,name) values(2, 'lucy');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> insert into student(id,name) values(3, 'jack_son');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)查看
student表中的数据：
mysql> select * from student;
+------+----------+
| id | name |
+------+----------+
| 1 | susan |
| 2 | lucy |
| 3 | jack_son |
+------+----------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)查询
学员名字中含有下划线的，执行以下SQL试试：
select * from student where name like '%_%';mysql> select * from student where name like '%_%';
+------+----------+
| id | name |
+------+----------+
| 1 | susan |
| 2 | lucy |
| 3 | jack_son |
+------+----------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)显然这个查询结果不是我们想要的，以上SQL之所以将所有数据全部显示了，因为
下划线代表任意单个字符，如果你想让这个下划线变成一个普通的下划线字符，就要使用转义字符了，在mysql当中转义字符是“\”，这个和java语言中的转义字符是一样的：
select * from student where name like '%\_%';mysql> select * from student where name like '%\_%';
+------+----------+
| id | name |
+------+----------+
| 3 | jack_son |
+------+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)贡献者
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2026/5/18 06:06
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